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Surplus Property Board
The Surplus Property Board was briefly responsible for disposing of $90 billion of surplus war property held by the United States government in the final year of World War II.〔”(Surplus Property: Uncle Sam, Merchant ),” Time Magazine, 1945-06-23.〕 Created by the Surplus Property Act of 1944,〔58 Stat. 768.〕 the Board functioned for less than nine months, before being replaced by a more streamlined agency.
==Authorization==
The aims of the Surplus Property Act were not limited to distributing surplus property; they also included re-establishing free independent enterprise, strengthening the competitive position of new and small businesspersons and family farmers, and putting government property to widespread, nonmonopolistic use.〔Editorial, "Surplus Property," Life Magazine, 1944-12-18 at p. 20〕
President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s economic advisor, Bernard Baruch, originally recommended that the U.S. dispose of surplus war goods through an agency run by a single administrator (and assisted by a policy board), and with general statutory authority.〔Phillips J. Beck, "Baruch Offers Plan to Take Government 'Out' of Business," Connellsville (PA) Daily Courier, 1944-02-21 at p. 5.〕 Through an Executive Order,〔Franklin D. Roosevelt, "(Executive Order 9425 Establishing the Surplus War Property Administration )," February 19, 1944, reprinted at (The American Presidency Project ) website, last accessed 2010-08-01.〕 Roosevelt established the Surplus War Property Administration and named public servant and former Texas cotton broker William L. Clayton to administer it.〔(U.S. at War: The Surplus Surplus Bill ), 1944-10-02, Time Magazine.〕 In the Act, however, Congress rejected that approach, providing instead for a three-member board with significantly constrained authority.〔Editorial, “Year’s Delay on War Surplus Disposal,” Waterloo (IA) Daily Courier, 1945-09-18 at p. 4.〕 President Roosevelt signed the Act “with considerable reluctance,” because of the danger that “the confused methods of disposition and the elaborate restrictions” imposed by the Act “would clearly delay rather than expedite reconversion and re-employment.”〔”(Statement on Signing the Surplus Property Act of 1944. ),” October 3, 1944, reprinted at (The American Presidency Project ) website, last accessed 2010-07-28.〕〔 The Board was also placed under the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion. 〔 (Records of the War Assets Administration (WAA) in the holdings of the US National Archives and Records Administration. ) 〕
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